Resumen Vanilla planifolia es la principal fuente vegetal de vainillina, saborizante de amplia importancia comercial. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, principal patógeno de V. planifolia, ha devastado cultivos enteros a nivel mundial. Vanilla pompona posee resistencia a patógenos comunes del género. Variaciones climáticas extremas repercuten en las interacciones planta-patógeno. A partir del supuesto de que temperaturas superiores a 28 ºC intensifican la infectividad de F. oxysporum en vainilla, se determinó la influencia del incremento de la temperatura en la infectividad de F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (cepa M21C5) en V. planifolia y dos híbridos de V. planifolia x V. pompona. Se inocularon raíces de esquejes de V. planifolia y de los híbridos con suspensiones de esporas del hongo. Se midió el avance de la enfermedad durante 60 días a 25, 30 y 35 ºC. Se emplearon cinco réplicas por tratamiento, incluyendo un lote testigo. Se utilizó ANOVA post hoc Tukey (P ≤ 0.05) para analizar los datos. V. planifolia fue susceptible a 35 °C y altamente susceptible a 25 y 30 °C. Ambos híbridos mostraron resistencia al patógeno en las temperaturas evaluadas. Por la resistencia mostrada, los híbridos de V. planifolia x V. pompona son una alternativa viable ante el patógeno.

Abstract Vanilla planifolia is the main vegetable source of vanillin, a flavoring of wide commercial importance. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, the main V. planifolia pathogen, has devastated whole crops worldwide. Vanilla pompona possesses resistance to common genus pathogens. Extreme climatic variations affect the plant-pathogen interactions. Based on the assumption that temperatures above 28 ºC will intensify the infectivity of F. oxysporum in vanilla, we determined the influence of the increase in temperature on the infectivity of F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (strain M21C5) in V. planifolia and two hybrids of V. planifolia x V. pompona. Root cuttings from hybrids 1 and 2 (V. pompona x V. planifolia) and V. planifolia were inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae spore suspensions. Disease progression was measured for 60 days at 25, 30 and 35 °C. Five replicates per treatment were used, including a control group. ANOVA post hoc Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05) was used for data analysis. V. planifolia was susceptible at 35 °C and highly susceptible at 25 and 30 °C. Both hybrids were resistant to the pathogen at the evaluated temperatures. Due to the resistance, it was shown that V. planifolia x V. pompona hybrids are a viable alternative to the pathogen.

Abstract The photoluminescent behavior of Eu-doped Sr3Al2O6 obtained by highly efficient solution combustion synthesis is reported. In order to understand the influence of the fuel on the synthesis, the stoichiometric quantity and an excess of fuel were evaluated. By adjusting the amount of fuel, different luminescence responses were obtained, allowing europium cations incorporation into the Sr3Al2O6 lattice to serve as effective luminescence activators in such a short time during the rapid combustion synthesis process. The higher amount of fuel in the presence of the oxidizing agent produced Sr3Al2O6:Eu particles with higher phosphorescence brightness, owing to the increase of the reduction process from Eu3+ to Eu2+. The synthesized phosphor showed an intense band emission centered at 515 nm and could be excited over a broad spectral range in the UV-visible region. Particles having nanostructured flake-type morphology were obtained, which was considered a micro-nanofunctional candidate for practical applications.

Abstract Medicinal plants are the primary option for health in rural communities, the conservation of knowledge of the way these plants are used is of vital importance;In addition, the study of these serves as a basis to continue with its use as a therapeutic alternative. The objective of the research was to document the value of use, cultural importance, way of obtaining the medicinal plant and the pattern of ethnobotanical knowledge of Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ort.) Sarg., for the alternative treatment of health conditions of the population in the municipalities of Tepoztlán, Tlayacapan, Cuautla and Yecapixtla, Morelos. The research presents a mixed design and analysis (qualitative and quantitative). The qualitative analysis was based on semi-structured interviews with 75 informants per municipality from January to May 2021; For the quantitative analysis, the use value index (IVU to determine the cultural importance of the species), the level of significant use tramil (UST for form of use) and the chi square test (to determine the relationship and differences between variable). The results show that E. polystachya is a plant used in traditional medicine, with an IVU of 1, which indicates that it has three uses (medicinal for humans, medicinal for animals and as a material for domestic use); with a UST of 26.66% with cultural acceptance; it is commonly called palo dulce; Mainly used for kidney infection (68%), the main form of preparation is stem soaking (78%). Chi square tests indicate that people who know E. polystachya are related to the municipality where they live, their occupation, the type of housing, type of disease for which they use the plant, how to obtain it and how it is transmitted. knowledge of this plant. In conclusion, E. polystachya is a species of cultural importance and multipurpose, the local demand causes it to be taken directly from its natural habitat; Therefore, it is necessary to promote management strategies prioritizing propagation for conservation and use, in addition to promoting the transmission of traditional knowledge to prevent the erosion of cultural knowledge.

Resumen Las plantas medicinales son la opción primaria para la salud en comunidades rurales, la conservación del conocimiento de la forma de uso de estas plantas es de vital importancia; además, el estudio de estas sirve de base para continuar con su utilización como una alternativa terapéutica. El objetivo de la investigación fue documentar el valor de uso, importancia cultural, forma de obtener la planta medicinal y el patrón de conocimiento etnobotánico de Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ort.) Sarg., para el tratamiento alternativo de afecciones a la salud de la población en los municipios de Tepoztlán, Tlayacapan, Cuautla y Yecapixtla, Morelos. La investigación presenta un diseño y análisis mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo). El análisis cualitativo se basó en entrevistas semiestructuradas a 75 informantes por municipio de enero a mayo del 2021; para el análisis cuantitativo se calculó el índice de valor de uso (IVU, para determinar la importancia cultural de la especie), el nivel de uso significativo trámil (UST, para forma de uso) y prueba de chi cuadrada (para determinar la relación y diferencias entre variables). Los resultados muestran que E. polystachya es una planta utilizada en la medicina tradicional, con un IVU de 1, lo que indica que le dan tres usos (medicinal para humanos, medicinal para animales y como material de uso doméstico); con un UST de 26.66% en aceptación cultural; es comúnmente llamada palo dulce; utilizada principalmente para la infección de los riñones (68%), la principal forma de preparación es el remojo de tallos (78%). Las pruebas de Chi cuadrada indicaron que las personas que conocen E. polystachya están relacionadas con el municipio donde viven, con su ocupación, el tipo de vivienda, tipo de enfermedad para la que utilizan la planta, en la forma de obtenerla y la forma en que se transmite el conocimiento de esta planta. En conclusión, E. polystachya, es una especie de importancia cultural y multipropósito, la demanda local ocasiona que la tomen directamente de su hábitat natural; por lo cual es necesario promover estrategias de manejo, priorizando la propagación para la conservación y aprovechamiento, además de fomentar la transmisión del conocimiento tradicional para evitar la erosión del saber cultural.

Resumen La interacción entre la capa freática salina y somera y la agricultura intensiva da lugar a un frágil equilibrio entre la acumulación y lixiviación de sales en los suelos de marisma recuperada del sector de riego B-XII, en el suroeste de España. Evaluamos el potencial de la tomografía de inducción electromagnética (EMI) e imágenes de NDVI de Sentinel 2 para el seguimiento de la salinidad del suelo a escala de parcela en esta zona, usando mediciones de la conductividad eléctrica aparente (ECa) del suelo realizadas en 2017 y 2020. Las estimaciones de la conductividad eléctrica (EC) obtenidas mediante inversión de la ECa mostraron una fuerte correlación (R≈0,90) con la conductividad del extracto de pasta saturada (ECe) y la relación de absorción de sodio (SAR), lo que dio lugar a ecuaciones de calibración lineales con R2≈0,80 para ambos años y resultados de validación cruzada de exclusión (LOOCV) fiables para los horizontes subsuperficiales de 0,55 < R2 < 0,81. El patrón espacial de EC mostró correlación inversa con el del NDVI para tomate para industria, algodón y remolacha cultivados entre los años 2017 y 2019, alcanzando valores R de -0,64, -0,87 y -0,73, respectivamente.

Abstract The presence of a shallow saline water table in combination with intensive agriculture in the reclaimed marshes of the B-XII irrigation district, in SW Spain, may disrupt the fragile balance between salt accumulation and leaching in the root zone. We evaluate the potential of electromagnetic induction tomography (EMI) and the use of Sentinel 2 NDVI imagery for field-scale soil salinity monitoring using soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measured in 2017 and 2020. Depth-specific electrical conductivity (EC), obtained from the inversion of ECa, showed a strong correlation (R≈0.90) with laboratory-analysed saturated paste extract conductivity (ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), resulting in linear calibration equations with R2≈0.80 for both years and reliable cross-validation of exclusion (LOOCV) results for the subsoil (0.55 < R2 < 0.81). The spatial pattern of EC showed inverse correlation with NDVI for processed tomato, cotton and sugar beet, cropped between 2017 and 2019, reaching R values of -0.64, -0.87 and -0.73, respectively.

Resumo Neste estudo, foi feito um ensaio num campo agrícola inserido no perímetro de rega do Roxo, no Alentejo, usando o sensor de indução eletromagnética DUALEM21, de forma a analisar o seu potencial no mapeamento 3D da textura do solo. Os dados da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (ECa), obtidos com o sensor, foram transformados utilizando um algoritmo de modelação inversa, Quasi-3D, para obter imagens da condutividade elétrica (EMCI) 3D da condutividade elétrica do solo (EC). Esta transformação é necessária, uma vez que ECa representa uma medição média, ponderada em profundidade, da EC e não a sua verdadeira variação com a profundidade. Analisou-se a relação linear entre a EC e a textura do solo, usando dados recolhidos em 13 pontos de amostragem, selecionados tendo em conta a variabilidade da ECa. Em cada ponto de amostragem foram colhidas amostras em três camadas até à profundidade de 0.6 m. Os resultados mostram que existe correlação significativa entre EC e a fração argila e entre EC e a fração areia (R2>0.6), sendo possível transformar as EMCI em mapas 3D do teor de argila e do teor de areia, até uma profundidade de 0.6 m.

Abstract Using a DUALEM21 sensor, we conducted electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys in an agricultural field in the Roxo irrigation perimeter in Alentejo, Portugal, to evaluate the potential of using this technique for 3D mapping of soil texture. We first processed apparent electrical conductivity data (ECa) and then used a Quasi-3D inversion algorithm in order to obtain 3D electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCI) of the actual bulk soil electrical conductivity (EC). This is because the ECa is a depth-weighted, average conductivity measurement and does not represent the actual EC variation with depth. Afterward, we evaluated the possibility of establishing a linear regression (LR) relationship between EC and soil texture collected from 13 soil sample locations at 3 layers to a depth of 0.60 m. We selected the locations for soil sampling based on the ECa variations. Our analysis showed that it is possible to establish a relatively good LR between EC and clay, and between EC and sand (R2>0.60), allowing us to convert EMCI into sand and clay content and generate sand and clay 3D maps down to 0.60 m depth.

Spain is a major producer of dimension stone, which is one of the most important industrial sectors in the northwest of Spain. This justifies the maintenance of these industries, although the technical and environmental requirements for their continuity are increasingly demanding. The main target of this paper is to present a new methodology in order to obtain k-ratio stress values on the basis of flat jack measurements and finite element numerical back- analysis with Rocscience© RS2 software. Continuous iterations were performed to try to find a relationship between the k0 and the measured stress in the tunnel roof and sidewalls. It focuses on technical aspects of the method for designing mine chambers in the slate industry that were previously mined by open pit methods. The size of the chambers impacts the operating cost, and the dimensioning of a correct support ensures better efficiency and safety. Correct knowledge of the k0 therefore is critical for the design of the support. The proposed new method entails a simplification of the classical procedure for estimating the k-ratio.

Abstract The purpose of this study was the development of a low-cost ceramic tubular membrane, using inexpensive materials, namely natural clay, and graphite as a porogenic agent. Such a low-cost membrane can be used as filters or porous supports for the preparation of multilayer ceramic membranes. Extrusion was used as a shape-forming method for this purpose. Graphite was selected as a porogenic additive. Raw materials were physicochemically and morphologically characterized. A comparative study of the influence of porogen content on membrane characteristics was carried out. Finally a graphite addition of 15 wt% and 850 °C as the sintering temperature were chosen. The obtained membrane had 41 vol% of porosity, diametral compression strength of 4 MPa, and relatively good corrosion resistance in basic and acid conditions. The performance of the membrane support was evaluated for diesel-in-water emulsion depuration as a function of pressure. Filtration test using 15% of porogen sample led to turbidity rejection factor of 95%. Therefore, it was considered that this membrane can be suitable for diesel/water emulsion treatment.

Abstract A low-pressure ethanol and methanol discharge produced by a DC electric field was studied experimentally, analyzing the disruptive voltage between parallel electrodes with a circular geometry as function of pressure and distance according with the Paschen’s law, this states that the breakdown voltage is a function of the product of gas pressure and distance following the relationship: VB = ƒ(pd). Detailed knowledge of the minimum breakdown voltage required to initiate the ethanol-methanol discharge will be useful to providing important information for future experiments and applications. In this experiment, a cylindrical chamber was used to generate a glow discharge of the ethanol (CH3CH2OH), methanol (CH3OH), and 50% mixture, over a pressure range of 0.07-5.00 Torr. Optical emission spectroscopy was performed in the wavelength range of 200-900 nm. The Paschen curves, measured experimentally for ethanol and methanol are presented, taking in account the coefficient obtained using the variation in Paschen’s law as a function of the distance and radius of the electrodes (d/r).

Abstract: The IRI International Regularity Index is a performance indicator that evaluates the functional condition of a pavement structure. Its value is a key input for the management of road assets, allowing to establish the opportune moment for carrying out interventions on the pavement. In addition, it is used to receive road surfaces, assess vehicle operating costs, evaluate the profitability of road projects and establish the cash flow in the financial administration of the project. The IRI data obtained from measurements carried out in the field, feed the deterministic deterioration model that allows future estimations of the indicator and the development of pavement maintenance programs. This research proposes to evaluate in a probabilistic way the model of the IRI International Regularity Index of the HDM-4 program, by assigning probability density functions to the input variables from real data taken in the field. To achieve this objective, a Montecarlo-type simulation model was developed, where roads must be classified by their geographical location, structural capacity of the pavement and traffic intensity expressed in Number of Equivalent Axes. The research results provide the IRI characterized by probability density functions, allowing its estimation from an expected reliability value.

Resumen: El índice internacional de regularidad de rugosidad (IRI) es un indicador de desempeño que evalúa la condición funcional de una estructura de pavimento. Su valor es un insumo clave para la gestión del patrimonio vial, ya que establece el momento adecuado para realizar las intervenciones de pavimentación. Además, se utiliza para recibir superficies de carreteras, evaluar los costos operativos de los vehículos, evaluar la rentabilidad de los proyectos viales y establecer el flujo de caja durante la gestión financiera de los proyectos. Los datos del IRI obtenidos de las mediciones de campo alimentan el modelo determinista de deterioro que permite realizar estimaciones futuras del indicador y desarrollar programas de mantenimiento de pavimentos. Esta investigación evalúa probabilísticamente el modelo IRI para el programa HDM-4 asignando funciones de densidad de probabilidad a las variables de entrada a partir de datos reales tomados en campo. Para lograr este objetivo se desarrolló un modelo de simulación Monte Carlo, donde las vías deben ser clasificadas por su ubicación geográfica, capacidad estructural del pavimento e intensidad de tráfico expresada en número de ejes equivalentes. Se presenta un caso de estudio sobre un pavimento asfáltico en el norte de Chile para mostrar los beneficios del desarrollo de un modelo IRI probabilístico. Los resultados de la investigación entregan el IRI caracterizado por funciones de densidad de probabilidad y permiten su estimación a partir de un valor de confiabilidad esperado.

Abstract Objective To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. Method A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using theZoomtelematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. Results People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. Conclusions Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions.

Resumen Objetivo Conocer las repercusiones del confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 en los autocuidados de personas con enfermedades crónicas y en su salud percibida, e identificar factores para el manejo y la gestión de su enfermedad en situaciones de emergencia. Método Estudio cualitativo realizado en marzo-abril de 2020, durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en Andalucía (España), mediante grupos focales virtuales usando la herramienta telemática Zoom. Se realizaron tres grupos con 34 pacientes (17 hombres y 17 mujeres) con enfermedades crónicas: artritis, diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, cáncer de mama y fibromialgia. Resultados Las personas con enfermedades crónicas refirieron repercusiones del confinamiento en relación con su vivencia emocional, sus recursos de afrontamiento, la información recibida, las dificultades para el autocuidado y el contacto/acceso a los servicios sanitarios, además de sugerir aprendizajes para el futuro. Más y mejor información, formación de pacientes, colaboración directa con asociaciones de pacientes por parte de los gestores y una mejora de la accesibilidad telemática a los servicios sanitarios destacan como las principales líneas de mejora para minimizar el impacto de futuros confinamientos en el autocuidado y en la salud de las personas con enfermedades crónicas. Conclusiones Durante el confinamiento, las personas con enfermedades crónicas experimentaron dificultades más allá del riesgo de contagio: interferencias en el cuidado y en la atención sanitaria recibida. Es necesaria mayor información y más formación a los/las pacientes y mejoras en la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios en situaciones de crisis sanitaria.

Resumen Objetivo Conocer las repercusiones del confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 en los autocuidados de personas con enfermedades crónicas y en su salud percibida, e identificar factores para el manejo y la gestión de su enfermedad en situaciones de emergencia. Método Estudio cualitativo realizado en marzo-abril de 2020, durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en Andalucía (España), mediante grupos focales virtuales usando la herramienta telemática Zoom. Se realizaron tres grupos con 34 pacientes (17 hombres y 17 mujeres) con enfermedades crónicas: artritis, diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, cáncer de mama y fibromialgia. Resultados Las personas con enfermedades crónicas refirieron repercusiones del confinamiento en relación con su vivencia emocional, sus recursos de afrontamiento, la información recibida, las dificultades para el autocuidado y el contacto/acceso a los servicios sanitarios, además de sugerir aprendizajes para el futuro. Más y mejor información, formación de pacientes, colaboración directa con asociaciones de pacientes por parte de los gestores y una mejora de la accesibilidad telemática a los servicios sanitarios destacan como las principales líneas de mejora para minimizar el impacto de futuros confinamientos en el autocuidado y en la salud de las personas con enfermedades crónicas. Conclusiones Durante el confinamiento, las personas con enfermedades crónicas experimentaron dificultades más allá del riesgo de contagio: interferencias en el cuidado y en la atención sanitaria recibida. Es necesaria mayor información y más formación a los/las pacientes y mejoras en la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios en situaciones de crisis sanitaria.

Abstract Objective To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. Method A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. Results People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. Conclusions Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions.

Resumen Objetivo: Una dieta rica en calcio se ha recomendado generalmente para mantener una adecuada salud ósea; no obstante, estudios recientes han despertado la controversia sobre sus beneficios. En este sentido, la mayoría de los estudios existentes en modelos animales están realizados con dietas deficientes en vitamina D. En este estudio se evaluará el efecto de una dieta rica en calcio sobre el metabolismo mineral y la histomorfometría ósea en rata. Además, en células UMR-106 se evaluó el efecto directo del suplemento de calcio sobre la expresión de genes osteogénicos. Material y métodos: Un grupo de ratas wistar macho de aproximadamente 3 meses de edad fue alimentado con dieta de contenido normal de calcio (0,6%) mientras que otro grupo se alimentó con dieta de alto contenido en calcio (1,2%). Transcurridos 20 días se recogieron muestras de orina 24h, sangre para análisis bioquímicos y el fémur para estudio de histomorfometría ósea. In vitro, se estudió la expresión génica de Runx2, Osterix y Osteocalcina en células UMR-106 cultivadas en condiciones de alto contenido en calcio. Resultados: La ingesta de una dieta rica en calcio redujo la concentración de PTH y calcitriol en plasma, aumentó la calciuria y disminuyó la fosfaturia. A nivel óseo, se observó una drástica disminución de la actividad osteoblástica consistente con la bajada de PTH; sin embargo, el volumen trabecular permaneció similar en ambos grupos. In vitro, el suplemento de calcio no disminuyó la expresión de marcadores osteoblásticos en UMR-106, indicando que los efectos in vivo son mayormente indirectos y debidos a la bajada de PTH. Conclusiones: Una dieta de alto contenido en calcio reduce la concentración de PTH y calcitriol en plasma, resultando en una disminución de la actividad osteoblástica.

Summary Objetive: A diet rich in calcium has generally been recommended to maintain adequate bone health. However, recent studies have sparked controversy over its benefits. In this sense, most of the existing studies in animal models are carried out with diets deficient in vitamin D. In this study, the effect of a diet rich in calcium on mineral metabolism and bone histomorphometry in rats is evaluated. In addition, in UMR-106 cells, the direct effect of calcium supplementation on the expression of osteogenic genes is assessed. Material and methods: A group of male wistar rats of approximately 3 months of age was fed a normal calcium content diet (0.6%) while another group received a high calcium content diet (1.2%). After 20 days urine samples were collected 24h, blood for biochemical analysis and the femur for bone histomorphometry study. In vitro, the gene expression of Runx2, Osterix and Osteocalcin was studied in UMR-106 cells cultured under conditions of high calcium content. Results: The ingestion of a diet rich in calcium reduced the concentration of PTH and calcitriol in plasma, increased calciuria and decreased phosphaturia. At the bone level, a drastic decrease in osteoblastic activity was observed, consistent with the decrease in PTH. However, the trabecular volume remained similar in both groups. In vitro, calcium supplementation did not decrease the expression of osteoblastic markers in UMR-106, indicating that the in vivo effects are mostly indirect and due to the decrease in PTH. Conclusions: A high-calcium diet reduces the concentration of PTH and calcitriol in plasma, which results in a decrease in osteoblastic activity.

Abstract The objective of this work was to produce brushite cement for orthopedic applications, based on the system wollastonite/phosphoric acid with the incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a setting and processing additive. Brushite/PEG cement was obtained by the dissolution-precipitation method and its physicochemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, compressive strength, porosimetry, and biological behavior (cell adhesion and bioactivity tests). The results indicated the formation of brushite cement with 21.4 MPa of compressive strength and 30% porosity, similar to human trabecular bone. The surface was shown to be adequate for cell adhesion and growth and bioactive with the formation of apatite layers. The incorporation of PEG improved working conditions without causing undesirable changes in the physicochemical properties and biological behavior of developed cement, thus promising for the repair of bone tissue injuries.

ABSTRACT Tinea capitis is a disease that most frequently affects the pediatric population caused by dermatophyte fungi, of which kerion is the severe inflammatory form of it. Its early diagnosis and intervention avoids possible aesthetic and psychological consequences in those who suffer from it. The case of a 4-year-old male patient is presented, who attend the dermatology service for 4 months of erythematous-desquamative plaque with pustules that evolved to a single plaque of predominantly alopecia and cervical lymphadenopathy. Microbiological report confirmed its diagnosis, and ultrasound contributed to the prognosis and therapeutic behavior.

RESUMEN La tiña capitis es una enfermedad que afecta con mayor frecuencia a la población pediátrica; es ocasionada por hongos dermatofitos y es el querión su forma inflamatoria severa. Su diagnóstico e intervención temprana evita posibles secuelas estéticas y psicológicas en quienes lo padecen. Se presenta caso de paciente masculino de 4 años quien consultó al servicio de dermatología por cuadro de 4 meses de placa eritemato-descamativa con pústulas que progresó a única placa de predominio alopécica y adenopatías cervicales. El reporte microbiológico confirmó su diagnóstico, y el ultrasonido contribuyó al pronóstico y conducta terapéutica.